Lateral meningocele syndrome

Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) is characterized by multiple lateral spinal meningoceles (protrusions of the arachnoid and dura through spinal foramina), distinctive facial features, joint hyperextensibility, hypotonia, and skeletal, cardiac, and urogenital anomalies. Neurologic sequelae of the meningoceles depend on size and location and can include neurogenic bladder, paresthesias, back pain, and/or paraparesis. Other neurologic findings can include Chiari I malformation, syringomyelia, and rarely, hydrocephalus. Additional findings of LMS include mixed or conductive hearing loss and cleft palate. Skeletal abnormalities may include scoliosis, vertebral fusion, scalloping of vertebrae, and wormian bones. Although developmental delay is common, cognition is often preserved. Feeding difficulties and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common.

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